Scientific sources and references for all product recommendations and skincare claims
Last Updated: August 19, 2025
DermAI provides evidence-based skincare recommendations. All product claims and efficacy statements are supported by dermatological research, clinical studies, and manufacturer-verified information. Below are the specific citations for each product and claim featured in our app, including complete ingredient lists and their sources.
Disclaimer: These citations are for informational purposes only. DermAI is not a medical device and should not replace professional dermatological advice.
Product: CeraVe Hydrating Facial Cleanser (Cream Cleanser)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Behentrimonium Methosulfate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Carbomer, Dimethicone, MVA/MA Decadiene Crosspolymer, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA, Dipotassium Phosphate, Tocopherol
Ingredients Source: CeraVe Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Contains ceramides and hyaluronic acid that cleanse while maintaining the skin's natural moisture barrier."
Efficacy Source:
Draelos ZD. The science behind skin care: Cleansers. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(1):8-14.
CeraVe. Hydrating Facial Cleanser Product Information. L'Oréal.
Product: La Roche-Posay Toleriane Purifying Foaming Cleanser (Gel Cleanser)
Ingredients: Aqua/Water, Coco-Betaine, Propanediol, PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, Niacinamide, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Carbomer, Triethyl Citrate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA, Capryloyl Glycine
Ingredients Source: La Roche-Posay Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Formulated with niacinamide and ceramides to cleanse effectively while maintaining skin balance and reducing irritation."
Efficacy Source:
Gehring W. Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(2):88-93.
La Roche-Posay. Toleriane Purifying Foaming Cleanser Product Information. L'Oréal.
Product: Neutrogena Ultra Light Cleansing Oil (Foaming Cleanser)
Ingredients: Ethylhexyl Palmitate, PEG-20 Glyceryl Triisostearate, PEG-8 Diisostearate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Water, Isopropyl Myristate, Hexylene Glycol, PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides, Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract, PEG-4 Laurate, Carbomer, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate
Ingredients Source: Neutrogena Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Oil-based formula effectively dissolves excess sebum and makeup while being gentle enough for daily use."
Efficacy Source:
Sakuma TH, Maibach HI. Oily skin: an overview. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;25(5):227-35.
Neutrogena. Ultra Light Cleansing Oil Product Information. Johnson & Johnson.
Product: Neutrogena Ultra Gentle Daily Cleanser (Gel-foam Cleanser)
Ingredients: Water, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Polyhydroxy Acid Complex, Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Fragrance
Ingredients Source: Neutrogena Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Polyhydroxy acid gently exfoliates while being sulfate-free, making it perfect for balancing combination skin needs."
Efficacy Source:
Kornhauser A, Coelho SG, Hearing VJ. Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2010;3:135-142.
Neutrogena. Ultra Gentle Daily Cleanser Product Information. Johnson & Johnson.
Product: CeraVe Moisturizing Cream (Rich Cream Moisturizer)
Ingredients: Purified Water, Glycerin, Ceteareth-20, Petrolatum, Cetearyl Alcohol, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Behentrimonium Methosulfate, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Carbomer, Dimethicone, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA, Dipotassium Phosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Phytosphingosine, Xanthan Gum, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: CeraVe Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Formulated with ceramides and hyaluronic acid to restore and maintain the skin's natural barrier while providing long-lasting hydration."
Efficacy Source:
Draelos ZD. Active agents in common skin care products. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(2):719-24.
Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
Product: Cetaphil Daily Facial Moisturizer (Lotion Cream Moisturizer)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Glyceryl Stearate, Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil, PEG-100 Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Dimethiconol, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Sodium Hydroxide, Tocopheryl Acetate
Ingredients Source: Cetaphil Official Product Page - Galderma
Claim: "Contains hyaluronic acid that holds up to 1000 times its weight in water, providing optimal hydration without heaviness."
Efficacy Source: Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
Product: La Roche-Posay Toleriane Double Repair Moisturizer (Oil-free Gel-cream Moisturizer)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, Niacinamide, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Carbomer, Triethyl Citrate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA, Capryloyl Glycine, Phytosphingosine, Xanthan Gum, T-butyl Alcohol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: La Roche-Posay Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Oil-free formula with niacinamide and ceramides provides essential hydration while controlling excess oil production."
Efficacy Source: Gehring W. Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(2):88-93.
Product: Aveeno Calm + Restore Oat Gel Moisturizer (Gel-lotion Moisturizer)
Ingredients: Water, Isopropyl Palmitate, Dimethicone, Glycerin, Polyacrylamide, Phenoxyethanol, Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Carbomer, Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Flour, Laureth-7, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sodium Hydroxide, Avena Sativa (Oat) Kernel Extract
Ingredients Source: Aveeno Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Lightweight gel-lotion hybrid with oat extract balances hydration needs of different areas effectively while soothing sensitive skin."
Product: Laneige Water Sleeping Mask (Overnight Sleeping Mask)
Ingredients: Water, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Trehalose, Sodium Hyaluronate, Beta-Glucan, Hunza Apricot Extract, Evening Primrose Root Extract, Sleepscent™ (Orange Flower, Rose, Sandalwood)
Ingredients Source: Laneige Official Product Page - Amorepacific
Claim: "Hydro Ionized Mineral Water and Sleepscent™ provide deep overnight hydration while you sleep, leaving skin refreshed and plump."
Efficacy Source: Laneige. Water Sleeping Mask Product Information. Amorepacific.
Product: BYOMA Moisturizing Gel (Daily Moisturizing Gel Cream)
Ingredients: Aqua, Glycerin, Isononyl Isononanoate, Niacinamide, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Phytosphingosine, Cholesterol, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Carbomer, Xanthan Gum
Ingredients Source: BYOMA Official Product Page
Claim: "Barrier-lipid complex with ceramides and niacinamide strengthens skin barrier while providing lightweight hydration for all skin types."
Product: Innisfree Green Tea Seed Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronic Acid Face Cream)
Ingredients: Water, Camellia Sinensis Seed Oil, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Sodium Hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid, Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate, Hydroxypropyltrimonium Hyaluronate, Green Tea Extract, Beta-Glucan
Ingredients Source: Innisfree Official Product Page - Amorepacific
Claim: "Green Tea Barrier Complex with 5 types of hyaluronic acid fortifies skin's barrier and provides 100-hour long-lasting hydration with 113% improved moisture barrier strength."
Efficacy Source: Saric S, Notay M, Sivamani RK. Green Tea and Other Tea Polyphenols: Effects on Sebum Production and Acne Vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017;6(1):2.
Product: LANEIGE Water Sleeping Mask (Gel Sleeping-mask Barrier Treatment)
Ingredients: Water, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Trehalose, Sodium Hyaluronate, Beta-Glucan, Hunza Apricot Extract, Evening Primrose Root Extract, Sleepscent™ (Orange Flower, Rose, Sandalwood), Ceramide NP
Ingredients Source: Laneige Official Product Page - Amorepacific
Claim: "Lightweight gel formula delivers intensive overnight hydration and barrier repair without clogging pores."
Efficacy Source: Laneige. Water Sleeping Mask Product Information. Amorepacific.
Product: The Ordinary Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5 (Hyaluronic Acid Serum)
Ingredients: Aqua (Water), Sodium Hyaluronate, Panthenol, Ahnfeltia Concinna Extract, Glycerin, Pentylene Glycol, Propanediol, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, PPG-26-Buteth-26, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Citric Acid, Ethoxydiglycol, Caprylyl Glycol, Hexylene Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Chlorphenesin
Ingredients Source: The Ordinary Official Product Page - DECIEM
Claim: "Hyaluronic acid holds up to 1000 times its weight in water, providing intense hydration while vitamin B5 soothes skin."
Efficacy Source: Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
Product: CeraVe Skin Renewing Vitamin C Serum (Vitamin C Serum)
Ingredients: Aqua/Water, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Behentrimonium Methosulfate, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Disodium EDTA, Dipotassium Phosphate, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Phytosphingosine, Hyaluronic Acid, Ceramide EOP, Ethylhexylglycerin, Xanthan Gum
Ingredients Source: CeraVe Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Vitamin C brightens skin and fades dark spots while hyaluronic acid provides hydration and ceramides strengthen the barrier."
Efficacy Source: Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866.
Product: The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% (Niacinamide Serum)
Ingredients: Aqua (Water), Niacinamide, Pentylene Glycol, Zinc PCA, Dimethyl Isosorbide, Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum, Xanthan Gum, Isoceteth-20, Ethoxydiglycol, Phenoxyethanol, Chlorphenesin
Ingredients Source: The Ordinary Official Product Page - DECIEM
Claim: "Niacinamide reduces inflammation and controls oil production while zinc provides additional antimicrobial benefits."
Efficacy Source:
Gehring W. Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(2):88-93.
Gupta M, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS. Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:709152.
Product: COSRX Hydrium Watery Toner (Hydrating Essence or Toner)
Ingredients: Water, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, 1,2-Hexanediol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Panthenol, Sodium PCA, Trehalose, Allantoin, Pentylene Glycol, Sodium Lactate, Ethylhexylglycerin, Disodium EDTA
Ingredients Source: COSRX Official Product Page
Claim: "Hyaluronic acid and vitamin B5 provide deep hydration while preparing skin for better absorption of subsequent products."
Efficacy Source: Papakonstantinou E, Roth M, Karakiulakis G. Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4(3):253-8.
Product: Beauty of Joseon Glow Serum (Propolis and Niacinamide Serum)
Ingredients: Propolis Extract, Niacinamide, Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Myristate, Sodium Polyacrylate, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP Copolymer, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Laureth-7, Ethylhexylglycerin, Allantoin, Adenosine
Ingredients Source: Beauty of Joseon Official Product Page
Claim: "Propolis provides antioxidant protection while niacinamide reduces inflammation and controls oil for a healthy glow."
Efficacy Source: Braakhuis A. Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2705.
Product: Mad Hippie Vitamin C Serum (Vitamin C Face Serum)
Ingredients: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Vitamin C), Ferulic Acid, Konjac Root, Clary Sage, Chamomile Flower Extract, Grapefruit Peel Oil, Vitamin E, Hyaluronic Acid
Ingredients Source: Mad Hippie Official Product Page
Claim: "Stable vitamin C with ferulic acid and vitamin E provides powerful antioxidant protection and helps brighten skin tone."
Efficacy Source:
Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866.
Saija A, Tomaino A, Trombetta D, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of caffeic and ferulic acids as topical photoprotective agents. Int J Pharm. 1999;199(1):39-47.
Product: Rhode Peptide Glazing Fluid (Peptide Glazing Fluid)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Pentylene Glycol, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Sodium Hyaluronate, Polyglutamic Acid, Allantoin, Panthenol, Carbomer
Ingredients Source: Rhode Official Product Page
Claim: "Peptide complex with niacinamide and hyaluronic acid helps improve skin texture and provides a luminous, glazed finish."
Efficacy Source: Lupo MP. Antioxidants and vitamins in cosmetics. Clin Dermatol. 2001;19(4):467-73.
Product: The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + HA (Gentle AHA Exfoliant)
Ingredients: Aqua (Water), Lactic Acid, Glycerin, Pentylene Glycol, Propanediol, Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract, Acacia Senegal Gum, Xanthan Gum, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Sodium Hydroxide, Ethylhexylglycerin, 1,2-Hexanediol, Caprylyl Glycol
Ingredients Source: The Ordinary Official Product Page - DECIEM
Claim: "Lactic acid gently exfoliates dead skin cells while hyaluronic acid provides hydration, making it ideal for sensitive skin."
Product: COSRX BHA Blackhead Power Liquid (Balanced BHA Exfoliant)
Ingredients: Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Water, Butylene Glycol, Betaine Salicylate, Niacinamide, 1,2-Hexanediol, Arginine, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Xanthan Gum, Ethyl Hexanediol
Ingredients Source: COSRX Official Product Page
Claim: "Betaine salicylate (gentler BHA) unclogs pores and refines texture while niacinamide soothes and hydrates."
Efficacy Source: Arif T. Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:455-461.
Product: Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant (BHA Liquid Exfoliant)
Ingredients: Water, Methylpropanediol, Butylene Glycol, Salicylic Acid, Polysorbate 20, Camellia Oleifera (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Sodium Hydroxide, Tetrasodium EDTA
Ingredients Source: Paula's Choice Official Product Page
Claim: "Salicylic acid penetrates deep into pores to dissolve oil and debris while being gentle enough for regular use."
Efficacy Source: Arif T. Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: a comprehensive review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:455-461.
Product: Aveeno Brightening Daily Scrub (Brightening Daily Scrub)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Jojoba Esters, Soy Extract, Salicylic Acid, PEG-100 Stearate, Glyceryl Stearate, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Fragrance, Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium EDTA, Methylparaben, Propylparaben
Ingredients Source: Aveeno Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Contains moisture-rich soy extract and gentle exfoliating particles to brighten skin tone while removing dead skin cells. Hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic formula is suitable for sensitive skin."
Product: CeraVe Hydrating Mineral Sunscreen SPF 30 (Sunscreen SPF 30+)
Active Ingredients: Zinc Oxide 21.6%, Titanium Dioxide 1.8%
Inactive Ingredients: Water, Dimethicone, Glycerin, Propanediol, Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, Niacinamide, Dimethiconol, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Sodium Chloride, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Citric Acid, Disodium EDTA, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Phytosphingosine, Cholesterol, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Carbomer, Xanthan Gum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Ceramide EOP
Ingredients Source: CeraVe Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide provide broad-spectrum protection while ceramides and hyaluronic acid hydrate skin."
Product: Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 70 (Sunscreen SPF 70+)
Active Ingredients: Avobenzone 3%, Homosalate 15%, Octisalate 5%, Octocrylene 7%
Inactive Ingredients: Water, Silica, Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer, Cyclopentasiloxane, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Zinc Oxide, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, Beeswax, Caprylyl Glycol, Carbomer, Dimethicone, Disodium EDTA, Ethylhexylglycerin, Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters, Jojoba Esters, Methylisothiazolinone, Phenoxyethanol, Polyaminopropyl Biguanide, Sodium Polyacrylate, Triethanolamine, Xanthan Gum
Ingredients Source: Neutrogena Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "SPF 70 broad spectrum protection with Helioplex technology provides stable defense against UVA/UVB rays. Lightweight, oil-free formula with dry-touch finish."
Efficacy Source: American Academy of Dermatology. Sunscreen FAQs. 2023.
Product: The Ordinary Mineral UV Filters SPF 30 (Mineral Sunscreen SPF 30)
Active Ingredients: Zinc Oxide 12%, Titanium Dioxide 3.2%
Inactive Ingredients: Aqua (Water), C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Propanediol, Triheptanoin, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Glycerin, Silica, Polyglyceryl-4 Diisostearate/Polyhydroxystearate/Sebacate, Sodium Chloride, Caprylyl Glycol, Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Ethylhexylglycerin, Tocopherol
Ingredients Source: The Ordinary Official Product Page - DECIEM
Claim: "Mineral sunscreen with zinc oxide and titanium dioxide provides broad-spectrum protection. Lightweight formula suitable for sensitive skin without chemical filters."
Product: Neutrogena Oil-Free Acne Moisturizer SPF 30 (Oil-Free Moisturizer with SPF 30)
Active Ingredients: Avobenzone 2%, Octisalate 4.5%, Octocrylene 6%
Inactive Ingredients: Water, Dimethicone, Glycerin, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Silica, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Aluminum Starch Octenylsuccinate, Phenoxyethanol, Benzyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Carbomer, Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium EDTA, BHT
Ingredients Source: Neutrogena Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Dual-action formula provides broad-spectrum SPF 30 protection while moisturizing acne-prone skin. Oil-free, non-comedogenic formula won't clog pores."
Efficacy Source: American Academy of Dermatology. Sunscreen FAQs. 2023.
Product: Versed Press Restart Gentle Retinol Serum (Gentle Retinol Serum)
Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Propanediol, Glycerin, Bakuchiol, Retinol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Alpha-Arbutin, Niacinamide, Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Bisabolol, Allantoin, Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: Versed Official Product Page
Claim: "Bakuchiol retinol alternative is gentle on melanin-rich skin, reducing risk of irritation and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Contains alpha hydroxy acids and antioxidants to even skin tone and improve texture without harsh side effects."
Product: Cocokind Ceramide Barrier Serum (Ceramide Barrier Serum)
Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Glycerin, Propanediol, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Phytosphingosine, Cholesterol, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Carbomer, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Hyaluronate, Tocopherol, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: Cocokind Official Product Page
Claim: "Ceramides and barrier-supporting ingredients help restore and maintain the skin barrier, which is crucial for darker skin tones prone to transepidermal water loss. Helps prevent irritation and supports healthy skin barrier function."
Product: Experiment Super Saturated Ultra Hydrating Barrier Serum (Ultra Hydrating Barrier Serum)
Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Glycerin (30%), Polyglutamic Acid, Opuntia Ficus-Indica (Prickly Pear) Stem Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Beta-Glucan, Allantoin, Panthenol, Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: Experiment Official Product Page
Claim: "30% Glycerin and Polyglutamic Acid provide intense moisture retention perfect for darker skin that tends to show ashy appearance when dehydrated. Prickly Pear extract helps with barrier repair and provides antioxidant protection against environmental stressors."
Efficacy Source: Niu C, Aisa HA. Upregulation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity: potential agents for vitiligo. Molecules. 2017;22(8):1303.
Product: Mad Hippie Ultra-Rich Barrier Cream (Ultra-Rich Barrier Cream)
Ingredients: Water/Aqua/Eau, Glycerin, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Vitamin C), Niacinamide, Sodium Hyaluronate, Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Allantoin, Bisabolol, Carbomer, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: Mad Hippie Official Product Page
Claim: "Multi-purpose moisturizer with Hyaluronic Acid, Niacinamide, and Vitamin C specifically addresses common concerns in darker skin including hyperpigmentation, uneven tone, and barrier damage. Rich formula prevents ashiness and maintains healthy glow."
Efficacy Source:
Gehring W. Nicotinic acid/niacinamide and the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004;3(2):88-93.
Pullar JM, Carr AC, Vissers MCM. The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):866.
Product: CeraVe Healing Ointment (Ceramide Ointment Barrier Treatment)
Ingredients: Petrolatum, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Carbomer, Dimethicone/PEG-10/15 Crosspolymer, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Cholesterol, Phenoxyethanol, Disodium EDTA, Dipotassium Phosphate, Tocopherol
Ingredients Source: CeraVe Official Product Page - L'Oréal
Claim: "Contains petrolatum, ceramides, and hyaluronic acid to create a protective barrier while repairing damaged skin."
Product: The INKEY List Peptide Moisturizer (Peptide Cream Barrier Treatment)
Ingredients: Water (Aqua/Eau), Glycerin, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Copper Tripeptide-1, Sodium Hyaluronate, Allantoin, Carbomer, Polysorbate 20, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: The INKEY List Official Product Page
Claim: "Peptides stimulate collagen production while strengthening the skin barrier and reducing signs of aging."
Efficacy Source: Schagen SK. Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results. Cosmetics. 2017;4(2):16.
Product: COSRX Balancium Comfort Ceramide Cream (Balm-gel Barrier Treatment)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), 1,2-Hexanediol, Ceramide NP, Ceramide NS, Ceramide AS, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Phytosphingosine, Cholesterol, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Carbomer, Xanthan Gum, Ethylhexylglycerin
Ingredients Source: COSRX Official Product Page
Claim: "Ceramide-rich formula balances different skin zones while strengthening the overall barrier function."
Product: Neutrogena On-The-Spot Acne Treatment (Benzoyl Peroxide Spot Treatment)
Active Ingredient: Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5%
Inactive Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Carbomer, Sodium Hydroxide, Disodium EDTA
Ingredients Source: Neutrogena Official Product Page - Johnson & Johnson
Claim: "Benzoyl peroxide kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces inflammation while micronized formula minimizes irritation."
Efficacy Source: Decker A, Graber EM. Over-the-counter Acne Treatments: A Review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(5):32-40.
Product: Sephora Collection Retinol Eye Cream (Retinol Eye Cream)
Ingredients: Water, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Retinol, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Sodium Hyaluronate, Caffeine, Vitamin E, Shea Butter, Ceramide 3, Allantoin
Ingredients Source: Sephora Collection Official Product Page
Claim: "Gentle retinol formula with peptides helps reduce fine lines and improve skin texture around the delicate eye area."
The following resources provide general scientific background for skincare ingredients and dermatological recommendations:
Important Notice: DermAI is not a medical device and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. All product recommendations are for informational and educational purposes only. Individual results may vary. Always consult with a qualified dermatologist or healthcare provider regarding any skin concerns or before starting any new skincare regimen.
The ingredient lists and citations provided represent current product formulations and scientific understanding as of the last update date. Product formulations and medical knowledge may change over time. Always refer to product packaging for the most current ingredient information.
Ingredient Sources: All ingredient lists are sourced from official manufacturer websites and product labels. We update this information regularly to ensure accuracy.
For questions about these citations or to report any inaccuracies, contact us at sriramnarlapati4@gmail.com.